12 research outputs found
Association between severe periodontitis and dislypidemia
Rezumat.
Scopul studiului il reprezinta evaluarea unei posibile corelatii intre parodontitele cronice stadiul sever si nivelul lipidelor serice.
Materiale si metoda: Un lot de 59 de pacienti cu varsta intre 45-54 de
ani carora li s-au efectuat anamneza si examenul clinic, precum si analize
generale (colesterol si trigliceride).
Rezultate: 44,8% dintre pacienti prezentau nivele crescute ale trigliceridelor (valoare medie 212 mg/dl), iar 55,17% dintre pacienti prezentau un
nivel crescut al colesterolului total (valoare medie 256mg/dl).
Concluzii: Exista o corelatie intre parodontitele severe si nivelele serice
crescute ale colesterolului si trigliceridelor, fapt ce trebuie sa atraga atentia
medicului dentist.Summary.
The purpose of the study is the evaluation of a possible correlation between severe stage chronic periodontitis and the level of serum lipids.
Materials and method: A sample of 59 patients, between 45 - 54 years
old, who underwent clinical dental examination and a set of blood analysis
(cholesterol and triglycerides).
Results: 44,8% of the patients exhibited high levels of triglycerides (median value of 212 mg/dl), and 55,17% of them exhibited a high level of total
cholesterol (median value 256mg/dl).
Conclusion: There is a relationship between severe periodontal disease
and high serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, a fact requires the
attention of the dentist
Otwarta arena. Spór o corridę de toros w Hiszpanii. Perspektywa socjologiczno-antropologiczna
Książka ukazuje corridę de toros – hiszpańską tradycję, w szerokim kontekście społeczno-kulturowym. Autorka przybliża toczący się od lat w hiszpańskim społeczeństwie dyskurs publiczny wokół widowisk tauromachiach. W publikacji przedstawiono narrację, którą posługują się zarówno przeciwnicy, jak i zwolennicy corridy de toros, osadzoną w kontekście politycznym, społecznym i kulturowym. Dla polskiego czytelnika interesujący może być nie tylko sam opis kontrowersyjnej tradycji, ale również kierunki, w których owa tradycja ewoluuje. Praca jest efektem wieloletnich badań terenowych oraz wnikliwej analizy hiszpańskiej prasy.The book presents the Spanish tradition corrida de toros in a broad social and cultural context. On the one hand, it provides a very detailed ethnographic account of this cultural phenomenon. On the other, it presents the ongoing public debate on tauromachic shows engaging Spanish society for many years. This publication relates and also provides an interpretation of the narratives of both opponents and supporters of corrida de toros. These two narratives have been placed in the political, social, cultural and ethical context. What might be interesting for the (Polish) reader is not only the actual description of this controversial tradition, but also the various ways it has evolved. This book is based on years of longitudinal field research, as well as an in-depth analysis of the Spanish press
H1N1 influenza virus induces narcolepsy-like sleep disruption and targets sleep-wake regulatory neurons in mice
An increased incidence in the sleep-disorder narcolepsy has been associated with the 2009-2010 pandemic of H1N1 influenza virus in China and with mass vaccination campaigns against influenza during the pandemic in Finland and Sweden. Pathogenetic mechanisms of narcolepsy have so far mainly focused on autoimmunity. We here tested an alternative working hypothesis involving a direct role of influenza virus infection in the pathogenesis of narcolepsy in susceptible subjects. We show that infection with H1N1 influenza virus in mice that lack B and T cells (Recombinant activating gene 1-deficient mice) can lead to narcoleptic-like sleep-wake fragmentation and sleep structure alterations. Interestingly, the infection targeted brainstem and hypothalamic neurons, including orexin/hypocretin-producing neurons that regulate sleep-wake stability and are affected in narcolepsy. Because changes occurred in the absence of adaptive autoimmune responses, the findings show that brain infections with H1N1 virus have the potential to cause per se narcoleptic-like sleep disruption
Simultaneous Imaging of Amyloid‑β and Lipids in Brain Tissue Using Antibody-Coupled Liposomes and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
The
spatial localization of amyloid-β peptide deposits, the
major component of senile plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (AD),
was mapped in transgenic AD mouse brains using time-of-flight secondary
ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), simultaneously with several endogenous
molecules that cannot be mapped using conventional immunohistochemistry
imaging, including phospholipids, cholesterol and sulfatides. Whereas
the endogenous lipids were detected directly, the amyloid-β
deposits, which cannot be detected as intact entities with ToF-SIMS
because of extensive ion-induced fragmentation, were identified by
specific binding of deuterated liposomes to antibodies directed against
amyloid-β. Comparative investigation of the amyloid-β
deposits using conventional immunohistochemistry and fluorescence
microscopy suggests similar sensitivity but a more surface-confined
identification due to the shallow penetration depth of the ToF-SIMS
signal. The recorded ToF-SIMS images thus display the localization
of lipids and amyloid-β in a narrow (∼10 nm) two-dimensional
plane at the tissue surface. As compared to a frozen nontreated tissue
sample, the liposome preparation protocol generally increased the
signal intensity of endogenous lipids, likely caused by matrix effects
associated with the removal of salts, but no severe effects on the
tissue integrity and the spatial distribution of lipids were observed
with ToF-SIMS or scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This method may
provide an important extension to conventional tissue imaging techniques
to investigate the complex interplay of different kinds of molecules
in neurodegenerative diseases, in the same specimen. However, limitations
in target accessibility of the liposomes as well as unspecific binding
need further consideration
Localization of cholesterol, amyloid and glia in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse brain tissue using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and immunofluorescence imaging
The spatial distributions of lipids, amyloid-beta deposits, markers of neurons and glial cells were imaged, at submicrometer lateral resolution, in brain structures of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease using a new methodology that combines time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and confocal fluorescence microscopy. The technology, which enabled us to simultaneously image the lipid and glial cell distributions in Tg2576 mouse brain structures, revealed micrometer-sized cholesterol accumulations in hippocampal regions undergoing amyloid-beta deposition. Such cholesterol granules were either associated with individual amyloid deposits or spread over entire regions undergoing amyloidogenesis. Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis of the same brain regions showed increased microglial and astrocytic immunoreactivity associated with the amyloid deposits, as expected from previous studies, but did not reveal any particular astrocytic or microglial feature correlated with cholesterol granulation. However, dystrophic neurites as well as presynaptic vesicles presented a distribution similar to that of cholesterol granules in regions undergoing amyloid-beta accumulation, thus indicating that these neuronal endpoints may retain cholesterol in areas with lesions. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence for an altered cholesterol distribution near amyloid deposits that would have been missed by several other lipid analysis methods, and opens for the possibility to study in detail the putative liaison between lipid environment and protein structure and function in Alzheimer's disease
Alterations in brain leptin signalling in spite of unchanged CSF leptin levels in Alzheimer’s disease
Several studies support the relation between leptin and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We show that leptin levels in CSF are unchanged as subjects progress to AD. However, in AD hippocampus, leptin signalling was decreased and leptin localization was shifted, being more abundant in reactive astrocytes and less in neurons. Similar translocation of leptin was found in brains from Tg2576 and apoE4 mice. Moreover, an enhancement of leptin receptors was found in hippocampus of young Tg2576 mice and in primary astrocytes and neurons treated withAb1-42. In contrast, old Tg2576 mice showed decreased leptin receptors levels. Similar findings to those seen in Tg2576 mice were found in apoE4, but not in apoE3 mice. These results suggest that leptin levels are intact, but leptin signalling is impaired in AD. Thus, Ab accumulation and apoE4 genotype result in a transient enhancement of leptin signalling that might lead to a leptin resistance state over time
Effects of spatial and cognitive enrichment on activity pattern and learning performance in three strains of mice in the IntelliMaze
The IntelliMaze allows automated behavioral analysis of group housed laboratory mice while individually assigned protocols can be applied concomitantly for different operant conditioning components. Here we evaluate the effect of additional component availability (enrichment) on behavioral and cognitive performance of mice in the IntelliCage, by focusing on aspects that had previously been found to consistently differ between three strains, in four European laboratories. Enrichment decreased the activity level in the IntelliCages and enhanced spatial learning performance. However, it did not alter strain differences, except for activity during the initial experimental phase. Our results from non-enriched IntelliCages proved consistent between laboratories, but overall laboratory-consistency for data collected using different IntelliCage set-ups, did not hold for activity levels during the initial adaptation phase. Our results suggest that the multiple conditioning in spatially and cognitively enriched environments are feasible without affecting external validity for a specific task, provided animals have adapted to such an IntelliMaze
Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research
Background
The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Methods
This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs.
Results
A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59).
Conclusion
Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally